Underlying causation

There is obviously some unconscious incompetence in relation to the benefits of a modern day causal analysis system, however what do we mean when we talk about causal analysis? Do we mean simply looking at what triggered an individual to act or omit to act on a personal level; or do we mean the identification of those things within the corporate governance of an organisation that set up the environment where action or inaction take place?

If the concept is taken to mean the second of the two options what is the link into modern day accident investigation? Surely it is a key term of reference.